In a DC series circuit, how is the total resistance calculated?

In a direct current (DC) series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by summing all individual resistances within the circuit. This principle stems from Ohm's Law, which indicates that in a series configuration, the total resistance accumulates as additional resistors are added, since the same current flows through each resistor in the series path.

When resistors are in series, each contributes its own resistance to the total, resulting in an increase in opposition to the flow of current. Mathematically, if you have a series circuit with resistors R1, R2, and R3, the total resistance (R_total) can be expressed as:

R_total = R1 + R2 + R3.

This formula demonstrates that the combined resistance of the series arrangement is simply the sum of each resistor's value, leading to a higher overall resistance than any individual component.

Other calculations or concepts such as the product of resistances, differences between voltage sources and loads, or averaging resistances do not apply to series circuits in this context. The calculation method specifically emphasizes the additive nature of resistance in a series configuration, making the sum of individual resistances the correct approach.